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Law in Popular Culture collection

THE TICHBORNE CASE

(3) THE CLAIMANT IN ENGLAND

     The homecoming of the prodigal had been awaited
with keen anxiety, not merely by the Dowager Lady

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Tichborne, but by the whole group of relatives with whom
Roger had been so intimate in his boyish days. It will
be remembered that Sir Henry Tichborne, who died in
1821, left four sons and a daughter. Of the sons, the
three elder, Henry Joseph, Edward, and James, all in turn
succeeded to the title, and all. had children; Robert, the
youngest, died without issue; and the daughter married a
gentleman named Nangle, and became the mother of two
sons and a daughter. Sir Henry Joseph had no son, but
six daughters, of whom the three elder became respectively
Lady Dormer, Lady Arundel of Wardour, and Mrs.
Washington Hibbert. The three younger were Catherine,
the wife of Colonel William Greenwood; Lucy, the wife
of Mr. Towneley; and Emily, the wife of Matthew James
Higgins, the well-known `Jacob Omnium' of the Times
and the Pall Mall Gazette. Next to Lady Doughty and
her daughter, Mrs. Greenwood was perhaps the one of his
female relatives with whom Roger was on the most
affectionate terms; her husband and his brother, Colonel
George Greenwood, famous as an authority on horseman-
ship, had been among the kindest friends of his boyhood,
and it was to her he addressed his last letter before
leaving England. Lady Doughty was still alive, so was
her daughter; and the latter's husband, Mr. Radcliffe, had
been acquainted with Roger through acting with him in
private theatricals at Sir Clifford Constable's, while Miss
Nangle had been Mrs. Radcliffe's friend and confidante in
their girlish days, and a constant visitor both at Upton
and Tichborne when Roger was there, The only two of
old Mr. Seymour's daughters then surviving were Mrs.
Bouverie and Lady Rawlinson, both of whom had known
Roger well in his Stonyhurst time and subsequently; and

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his two sons, Henry Danby Seymour and Alfred Seymour,
were both alive, and both members of the House of
Commons. Though by blood they were Roger's half-uncles,
the relationship was by tacit consent never alluded to,
but they associated together on the footing of cousins,
addressing each other by their Christian names, and enjoy-
ing an intimacy which, until Roger's departure to America,
had never been interrupted by a quarrel or a harsh word.
     Out of this wide family circle not one shared what they
all considered the Dowager's delusions on the subject of
her eldest son; and when, in the course of 1866, it became
known that she was in correspondence with some one in
Australia, the stir among her relatives became proportion-
ately great. The proof of Roger's survival would work a
revolution in the family affairs. The trustees under his
will would be placed in an awkward position, and possibly
be found to have incurred unauthorised liabilities. The
widow of Sir Alfred would lose her jointure, forfeit her
title, and see her infant son deprived of his heritage;
and there were other interests, including those of the re-
mainder-men to the estates, between whom and possession
there stood, if Roger were dead, only the precarious life of
a child of a few months old. The reappearance of the
lost man opened up a vista of consequences, the end of
which it was impossible to foresee; and the group of
uncles and aunts and cousins must have been more than
mortal if they had not experienced some resentment at
the idea of a young man causing so much trouble and
confusion without the shadow of a provocation, and treat-
ing with such heartless want of consideration those who
had shown him long and uniform kindness. But the ties
of blood and old affection were strong, and there does

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not appear to have been a single member of the families
of Tichborne and Seymour who was not prepared to
welcome back their kinsman if it should prove to be
really he.
     Lady Tichborne had kept her own counsel; in her
letters to the claimant and his advisers she urged the
necessity of his coming straight to her without mixing
with his father's relatives, towards whom she cherished
all her former prejudices; and to the Seymours she was
scarcely more explicit, insisting that it was her son, but
declining to give any details, and refusing to show the
letters she had received from Australia. News, however,
trickled out; Cater, the returned baker, had told his story,
the colonial papers contained highly coloured paragraphs,
and Bogle had written to Lady Doughty. The general
attitude of the family was one of complete uncertainty;
many of the facts reported were of a character to breed
incredulity; but in October Lady Doughty wrote to a
gentleman called Baigent, who for many reasons was
interested in the Tichborne history, that if what the
Dowager and Bogle said was true, there could be no doubt
that it was really Roger, `but that the circumstances
altogether made it a painful event in the family.' Early
in December it was known that the claimant might be
expected in England at any moment; the ports were
watched, and Mr. Baigent kept a careful eye on the post-
office at Alresford. It was not long before his vigilance
was rewarded.
     The principal inn at Alresford is The Swan, a comfort-
able old hostelry close to the church, and there, on the
evening of Saturday the 28th of December, arrived a
stranger of great natural bulk, swollen to abnormal

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dimensions by a multiplicity of wraps. He ordered a
private sitting-room, and seemed anxious to avoid publicity.
His baggage was marked R. C. T., and he gave the name
of  Taylor. His desire for privacy did not prevent him from
sending down a civil message to the landlord to join him
over a glass of wine and a cigar, and the invitation was
accepted in good part. Mine host of The Swan was a
certain Mr. Rous, who had been for many years a clerk to
Mr. Hopkins the solicitor, who will be remembered as
acting for Mr. James Tichborne in the resettlement of the
estates consequent upon Roger's coming of age in 1850.
Rous had abandoned the desk and ruler, but he could not
have divested himself entirely of the mass of information
acquired in the office of a family lawyer. The conversa-
tion naturally turned upon the neighbourhood; and as the
stranger seemed particularly interested in everything per-
taining to Tichborne, Rous undertook to drive him over
there, and the next morning being Sunday, they started
off' together. The house was let to Colonel Lushington,
but Rous was in the habit of getting his milk and eggs
from the farm, and while so employed the visitor had a
good walk round the exterior of the mansion, and indulged
in a little talk with some of the villagers. What passed
between him and Rous is not quite clear, but either that
evening or the next day he cast off his incognito and
stood revealed as Sir Roger Charles Doughty Tichborne.
He impressed on his host the necessity for secrecy, and his
desire that his identity should not be disclosed; but the
tale spread through the town, coupled with the news that
Bogle, once so familiar a personage, had been telegraphed for.
Amongst the first to hear the news was Mr. Hopkins, who
was now retired from practice, and living in comfortable

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style in a house not far from The Swan; his first act was
to send for the aforesaid Mr. Baigent, who was a drawing-
master at Winchester; the latter came promptly over, and
the pair went in search of the baronet. As they were
standing in the pathway at the back of the inn leading
to the station, a man answering unmistakably to the
description of the stranger passed by them. He gave
no sign of recognition, and he was too muffled up for
them to examine his features or form any opinion about
him. Later in the afternoon Bogle arrived; and the next
morning, New Year's Day 1867, the worshippers at the
chapel attached to Tichborne House were gratified with the
sight of the.old negro, whose woolly locks were turned snow-
white with age, but who in other respects seemed unchanged.
Amongst the congregation was Mrs. Greenwood, who had
driven over from her home at Brookwood; and after service
she stopped to talk with Bogle, whom she remembered well,
and at his request obtained leave for him to go over the
house which had for so many years been his home. She
had heard rumours that Sir Roger was in England; and
learning that he was in Alresford, she sent a message for
him by Bogle to come over and see her that afternoon.
Bogle returned to The Swan, but the visit there was
destined to be abruptly curtailed. Mr. Frederick Bowker,
the solicitor for Sir Alfred's widow, had heard of the doings
at Alresford, and had come down from Winchester in the
interests of his client. Going to the inn, he obtained, after
much difficulty, an interview with the claimant, whom he
found studying a catalogue which had been prepared for a
projected sale of pictures and other effects at Tichborne, a
relic of the recent spendthrift regime. The interview was
not an agreeable one. Mr. Bowker declined to recognise

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any right on the part of the claimant, and left the room
with the firm conviction that he was an impostor. The
next morning 'Mr. Taylor' retreated to London,without any
attempt to visit Mrs. Greenwood, and thence to Gravesend,
whither his wife and family had been already transferred.
     More than a week had elapsed since his arrival in
England; and the Dowager, who was in Paris, and had
been daily expecting him since November, wrote to urge
him to come and join her, assuring him that his bill at
Gravesend would be paid, and that she would have great
pleasure in seeing his wife and children. Want of funds
need not have prevented him; a five-pound note would
have set him down at his mother's hotel in Paris; and the
journey to his birthplace should have presented few
difficulties to Roger Tichborne, who spoke French like a
native, and was as much at home in Paris as in London.
Still he paused; and on the evening of his return from
Alresford, as he was waiting at the International Hotel,
London Bridge, for a train to take him to Gravesend, he
made the casual acquaintance in the billiard-room of Mr.
Leete, an agent for the eminent firm of Allsopps. To this
gentleman he revealed who he was, and that he was on the
point of going over to Paris to be identified by his mother.
Mr. Leete at once suggested the advisability of employing
a solicitor in so delicate a matter; and as the claimant
could not recall the name of one, he suggested his own,
Mr. John Holmes of the Poultry. To him, accordingly,
the claimant repaired next morning and laid his case
before him, and matters were at once put in train; but
they were destined to a speedy interruption.
     Vincent Gosford, the old and intimate friend of Roger
Tichborne, had some years prior to this date taken up his

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residence in Wales, and times had gone hardly with him.
He had invested his savings in a big farm and in agricul-
tural experiments, which had turned out unfortunately; his
methods of bookkeeping had been loose and irregular; the
rents received from the Tichborne estates had been placed
to his private account, and he had been allowed to over-
draw. When the crash came under Sir Alfred's reckless
extravagance, the trustees were compelled to call upon
Gosford to refund, which he was in no position to do, and
he was now virtually on the brink of ruin. We can imagine
the joy with which he must have heard the rumours of
Roger's return, which would substitute as his creditor one
attached to him by every tie in the place of trustees bound
to enforce the law to the uttermost farthing.  Not merely
old friendship and the memory of past days, but the most
obvious motives of self-interest, urged him to do every-
thing in his power to procure the restoration of Roger
Tichborne to his proper position.
     At the first news of the visit to Alresford he hurried up
to London and saw Bogle, who told him that his name
had frequently been mentioned by Sir Roger in the
course of their conversations on the voyage. From him he
found out the claimant's address, and was starting off to
Gravesend, when, unluckily, he turned into the office of Mr.
Cullington, a member of the firm who had acted for Roger
when he made his will in 1852, and Cullington suggested
that he should accompany him, together with Mr. Plowden,
a distant connection of the family, who had himself
known Roger. They arrived at Gravesend; the claimant
was away, but they waited, and towards evening they saw
the arrival in a cab of a huge personage much muffled up,
with a curious peaked cap tied under his chin. Their

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method of procedure was, to say the least, unfortunate;
they shouted to him and tried to intercept him on the
stair, but he rushed past into his bedroom, where he
locked himself in, and remained deaf to all entreaties to
come out. At last their cards were sent in by a waiter,
and a hastily scrawled note was returned to Gosford
`Pardon me, gentlemen, but i did not wish any one to
know where i was staying with my family, And was much
anoyed to see you all here.'
     The trio were satisfied that they were dealing with an
impostor, and departed, after behaving in a way that did
little credit to their discretion. If the claimant was
desirous of finding ground for saying that from the first he
had been ill used by those who professed to be interested on
behalf of the Tichborne family, their conduct had afforded
him a plausible excuse. No one saw this better than Mrs.
Gosford, who wrote to her husband to say he had not
given her any reason for believing Sir Roger to be an im-
postor, and that the writing in the note was decidedly like
his, `the signature perfect'; she begged her husband to
obtain a private interview, and not to decide till he had
done so.
     Gosford accordingly applied for one; the request met
the wishes of Mr. Holmes, who realised what a tower of
strength his adhesion would be, and a meeting took place
at Gravesend on the 9th of January. There was no
witness but Mr. Holmes, and Gosford afterwards described
the claimant as standing up very nervous and scared, and
twisting his cap in his hands. There was nothing in his
appearance to convince Gosford of his identity, and the
conversation on old days was even less satisfactory. He
could give no reason for not going to see the Seymours.

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`Mamma's relations you mean,' he interjected, to the
astonishment of Gosford, who had never heard Roger refer
to Lady Tichborne except as his mother. He knew little
about Upton or the incidents connected with that place; he
could not remember the names of Roger's favourite dogs,
Spring and Pie Crust, or an accident which had befallen
him when out riding with Gosford; he had never heard
of Slaughter, who was Roger's solicitor, but said he
remembered Cullington, who had not joined the firm till
after Roger sailed for South America; and when asked
who made his will -- which, by the way, he and Holmes
had just inspected at Doctors' Commons -- he replied,
` Hopkins, of course.'
     The claimant was leaving Gravesend that night; and as
Gosford and Holmes were also going up to London, it was
agreed they should travel together, and the conversation
was continued in the train. A casual remark led it towards
Roger's life in the army, on which the claimant displayed
absolute ignorance. Gosford could obtain satisfaction on
no single point, and was much struck by the claimant's
diction and vocabulary; `language such as one would
hear among workmen, using such expressions as " I heerd"
and so on; the mode of expression was altogether that of a
person of very low station. He telegraphed to his wife
`Saw Sir Roger for an hour with his solicitor. Never
saw the man before to the best of my belief. He cannot
answer a single question of former times.'
     That same evening the claimant wrote to Lady
Tichborne :-

     ` DEAR AND BELOVED MAMMA,-. . . I have been down
to tichborne. And had a look at the dear old place once

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more. And it made my heart bleed to look at the dis-
truction there has been made there, but has my poor
Brother is dead we will not mension that subject again
let the past be past and no more about it. I have seen
Mr. Gosford. he seems very much change to what he use
to be. he came down in the train from Gravesend last
night. I had a long talk with him, and he seemes to deny
every thing i put him in mind of. He says he do not
remember me coming down in the coach from London
with him to tichborne. I had a hour conversation with
him about different things Mamma that nobody in the.
world could have told him but me. I even told him
under what circumstances Moore came left me. You
must remember Mamma i wrote to him from allmost
every place. A Cullington and a lot more would insist on
seeing me at Gravesend when they came, and because I
did not wish to see them until i had seen you they where
very angry . . . .-I remain, your ever affectionate
`Son, R. C. TICHBORNE.' 
     The next morning the claimant started for Paris, taking
with him Mr. Holmes and his other friend of a week's
standing, Mr. Leete; while in contrast to this precaution,
Lady Tichborne chose this moment to discard her own
adviser, Mr. James Bowker. From the first commence-
ment of her Australian correspondence she had consulted
him, and such gleams of prudence as she had displayed
were due to his influence and sagacity. To him alone had
she submitted the Australian letters and the Sydney photo-
graph of the claimant, and he had pointed out the im-
probabilities and inconsistencies of the story; he had
expressed his opinion that the whole affair was an attempt

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to extort money, and had done everything possible to
restrain his client from committing herself irretrievably by
any recognition of the claimant before she had seen him.
Since the news of the latter's arrival in England he had
left no stone unturned to obtain an interview with him,
and on the 8th of January had gone over to Paris at
Lady Tichborne's request to report. progress. His report
was not favourable ; and while he was actually in the room
with her, a letter arrived from the claimant to say that he
was on the point of starting, accompanied by his solicitor;
whereupon Lady Tichborne informed Mr. Bowker that she
had no further occasion for his services. She was too near
the fulfilment of her cherished hopes to bear the presence
of any one who would be likely to exercise an independent
judgment.
     It is hardly too much to say that she had resolved
coûte que coûte to recognise the claimant as her son. Her
last letter to Gibbes shows that her mind, not without
delays and misgivings, was made up, and in the inter-
vening months her determination had strengthened. Her
brothers had found it hopeless to argue, and a conversation
with her sister, Lady Rawlinson, in the preceding  December,
shows the frame of mind in which she entered upon the
interview which I am about to describe. Lady Rawlinson,
after listening to a summary of what the claimant had
written, asked Lady Tichborne if she did not think it odd
that he made no mention of the old friends whom he knew
before leaving England.   ` No,' was the reply, ` a young
man makes fresh acquaintances.' ` Well,' continued Lady
Rawlinson, ` but what would you do if the door opens and
somebody whom you cannot recognise as your son walks
into the room ? ' `I cannot help that; I know he is my son.'

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     The claimant and his friends reached Paris on the
night of the 10th of January, and repaired at once to the
Hotel de Lille et d'Albion. Lady Tichborne was prepared
for their arrival, and the first thing next morning
despatched Coyne, her Irish servant, to bring her son to
her without delay. He went to the hotel, but only
succeeded in seeing Holmes and Leete, who informed him
that they all said in England that Sir Roger was not the
man, and that they had had a hard job to get him away,
as he was watched by detectives. Holmes went into the
claimant's bedroom, and came back with the answer that
he was seasick and not well, and with that message
Coyne returned to Lady Tichborne. She at once sent
him back with orders to see the claimant himself. This
time he saw him ; but the latter, after expressing his joy
at being home, and thanking Coyne for his trouble, told
him to tell his `mamma' that he was unable to go to see
her. Coyne again departed, and quickly returned with
instructions to bring Holmes and Leete to the Place de la
Madeleine, whither they accompanied him, locking the
claimant up in his room for security. As the result of
this interview Lady Tichborne herself appeared at the
hotel, and was ushered in, followed by Holmes, Leete, and
Coyne. It was a murky afternoon, the blinds were half
down, the claimant was lying huddled on the bed with
his clothes on, and his face turned to the wall. The
mother bent over him and kissed him, saying, ' He looks
like his father, and his ears are like his uncle's. '  The
claimant uttered never a word, and she told Coyne to
take some of his clothes off, as he was nearly stifled.
Coyne managed to turn over the unresisting mass, and
Holmes said to him, ' You witness that; you see how she

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has identified him.' History and fiction contain no
stranger story of the meeting of mother and son after an
absence of seventeen years.
     Whether due to emotion or not, the bodily condition of
the claimant was such as to cause serious alarm to Lady
Tichborne ; and she sent for Sir Joseph Olliffe, the
physician to the British Embassy, and for another medical
man, and in their presence renewed her declaration that
the claimant was her firstborn son.  His indisposition,
however, was not of long duration, and he spent the next
seven days in constant association with Lady Tichborne,
dining and taking his other meals with her.
     During the short acquaintance which Mr. Holmes had
had with his client, he could scarcely have become
acquainted with more than the outlines of the case, and
the result of the conversations with Gosford was not
reassuring. The journey to Paris must have seemed a
forlorn hope; and had the Dowager disclaimed all know-
ledge of the stout colonial, it may be questioned whether
Mr. Holmes, however disappointed, would have been
taken by surprise. But the identification once effected,
the matter must have appeared beyond the bounds of
doubt. The mother had recognised her son; father and
brother were dead, and who else would dare to suggest
that a mother could be mistaken as to her child ? A few
formal letters to the trustees, a friendly suit in Chancery,
and the affair would be over, and Sir Roger in possession
of his estates and rent-roll. Mr. Holmes, on the 17th of
January, wrote a letter to the Times announcing the fact
of the recognition by Lady Tichborne, and stating that he
was prepared at once to take the necessary steps to enforce
it. He returned to England on the 19th, accompanied by

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his client. Lady Tichborne declared her intention of
following them and taking up her abode with her son,
and in the meanwhile transferred to him, until he should
obtain possession of his estates, the £1000 a year out
of her jointure which she had hitherto allowed to her
daughter-in-law.
     Before the departure, however, something had taken
place which must have rather marred the satisfaction pro-
duced by the visit, and have given warning that all before
them was not plain sailing. There were still living in
Paris a good number of persons who had known Roger
Tichborne, but to one only did the Dowager apply. The
subject of her choice was unexceptionable. M. Chatillon
had been one of Roger's tutors; he had given him such
little instruction as the ill-ordered household allowed of;
he had accompanied the family year after year on their
summer excursions; and Roger had up to the last main-
tained the kindliest relations with him, and had déjeuner
in his house the day before he started for South America.
To him appeared suddenly one morning Lady Tichborne
in the full flush of triumph, and carried him off to see his
old pupil. In spite of his caution to her not to mention
his name, she ushered him into the room with the intro-
ductory words, `Sir Roger, M. Chatillon.' On the impulse
of the moment he exclaimed in French, `My dear Roger,
I am very happy to see you after your long absence !'  but
a glance at the claimant was enough to alter his tone.
He stepped back, and said, ` No, my Lady, this is not
your son.'-`You do not embrace Roger!' cried the
Dowager. `No, my Lady, it is not he.' The claimant
had remained silent, and the mother explained that he
did not speak French any longer, and that the conversa-

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tion must be conducted through the interpreter whom she
had provided. They sat down, the claimant holding a
silk handkerchief to his face, and a series of questions were
put to him, on none of which could he give satisfaction to
the tutor and friend of Roger Tichborne. As his recollec-
tion was being fruitlessly directed to holiday trips in
Normandy and Brittany, Lady Tichborne interposed --
` Chatillon, you must not ask him any more. He has
seen so many things that he no longer remembers any-
thing.' Chatillon took his departure, on the understand-
ing that they were to meet again; but though he called at
the hotel, he was told that the claimant was ill, and he
had no opportunity of a further interview.
     On the claimant's return to England a house was taken
for him at Essex Lodge, Croydon, where he was in the
immediate neighbourhood of his solicitor. A room was
set apart for Bogle ; and, as we shall shortly see, a whole
colony of supporters were at one time or another accom-
modated under the hospitable roof. Mr. Holmes prepared
to set in motion the machinery of the Court of Chancery.
The registers at Doctors' Commons had already been
searched for the probate of Roger Tichborne's will, and
a copy taken; and the next visit was to Lloyd's, where the
books were examined for details of the Bella and of the
Osprey, which the claimant declared was the ship that
had rescued himself and the survivors of the Bella's crew.

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