Jamail Center for Legal Research
Tarlton Law Library

Law Review Articles

1.                  Frank Adams, Jr., Why Brown v. Board of Education and Affirmative Action Can Save Historically Black Colleges and Universities, 47 Alabama Law Review 481 (1996).

2.                  Erin Albritton, Hopwood v. Texas: Affirmative Action Encounters a Formidable and Fatal Match in the Fifth Circuit, 71 Tulane Law Review 303 (1996).

3.                  Barbara Bader Aldave, Hopwood v. Texas: A Victory for ‘Equality’ that Denies Reality—An Afterword, 28 St. Mary’s Law Journal 147 (1996).

4.                  Robert D. Alt, Toward Equal Protection: A Review of Affirmative Action, 36 Washburn Law Journal 179 (1997).

5.                  Corinne E. Anderson, A Current Prospective: The Erosion of Affirmative Action in University Admissions, 32 Akron Law Review 181 (1999).

6.                  Elvia R. Arriola, Difference, Solidarity and Law: Building Latina O Communities Through LATCRIT Theory, 19 Chicano-latino Law Review 1 (1998).

7.                  Purvi Badiani, Affirmative Action in Education: Should Race or Socioeconomic Status be Determinative? 5 Georgia Journal on Fighting Poverty 89 (1997).

8.                  Melanie Ryan Beyers, Affirmative Action in Post-Secondary Education: When Race Matters, 1997 Detroit College of Law Michigan State University Law Review 955 (1997).

9.                  Lackland H. Bloom, Jr., Hopwood, Bakke and the Future of the Diversity Justification, 29 Texas Tech Law Review 1 (1998).

10.              John Charles Boger, Willful Colorblindness: The New Racial Piety and the Resegregation of Public Schools, 78 North Carolina Law Review 1719 (2000).

11.              Ross I. Booher, Constitutional Law – Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause – Racial Preferences in College and University Admissions, 64 Tennessee Law Review 497 (1997).

12.              Jennifer C. Brooks, The Demise of Affirmative Action and the Effect on Higher Education Admissions: A Chilling Effect or Much Ado about Nothing? 48 Drake Law Review 567 (2000).

13.              Kevin Brown, Hopwood: Was this the African-American Nightmare or the African-American Dream? 2 Texas Forum on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights 97 (1996).

14.              Tomiko Brown-Nagin, A Critique of Instrumental Rationality: Judicial Reasoning About the “Cold Numbers” in Hopwood v. Texas, 16 Law & Inequality Journal 359 (1998).

15.              Keith J. Bybee, The Political Significance of Legal Ambiguity: The Case of Affirmative Action, 34 Law & Society Review 263 (2000). 

16.              Jennifer R. Byrne, Toward a Colorblind Constitution: Justice O’Connor’s Narrowing of Affirmative Action, 42 St. Louis Law Journal 619 (1998).

17.              Erin E. Byrnes, Therapeutic Jurisprudence: Unmasking White Privilege to Expose the Fallacy of White Innocence: Using a Theory of moral Correlatively to Make the Case for Affirmative action Programs in Education, 41 Arizona Law Review 535 (1999).

18.              Martin D. Carcieri, A Progressive Reply To Professor Oppenheimer On Proposition 209, 40 Santa Clara Law Review 1105 (2000).

19.              Francis Carleton & Jennifer Nutt Carleton, An Ethic of Care Applied: A Critical Analysis of Affirmative action Jurisprudence, 8 Temple Politics & Civil Rights Law Review 87 (1998).

20.              Lisa E. Chang, Remedial Purpose and Affirmative Action: False Limits and Real Harms, 16 Yale Law & Policy Review 59 (1997).

21.              Jim Chen, Diversity and Damnation, 43 UCLA Law Review 1839 (1996).

22.              Thomas L. Colaluca & Gina A. Kuhlman, The Future of Affirmative Action: The Legal Imperative Nationally and the Ohio Experience, 46 Cleveland State Law Review 765 (1998).

23.              Constitutional Law –Equal Protection – Affirmative Action – Fifth Circuit Holds that Educational Diversity is no Longer a Compelling State Interest – Hopwood v. Texas 110 Harvard Law Review 775 (1997).

24.              Constructing Reality After Hopwood, Texas Hispanic Journal of Law & Policy 45 (1998).

25.              Krista L. Cosner, Affirmative Action in Higher Education: Lessons and Directions from the Supreme Court, 71 Indiana Law Journal 1003 (1996).

26.              Philip T.K. Daniel & Kyle Edward Timken, The Rumors of my Death Have Been Exaggerated: Hopwood’s Error in “Discarding” Bakke, 28 Journal of Law & Education 391 (1999).

27.              Ellen R. Dassance, Affirmative Action Implications for Colleges and Universities Beyond the Scholarship and Student Admissions Areas, 5 William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal 661 (1997).

28.              John Dayton & Anne P. Dupre, Equal Protection of the Laws: Recent Judicial Decisions and Their Implications for Public Educational Institutions, 114 Education Law Report 1 (1997).

29.              Richard Delgado & Jean Stefancic, California's Racial History and Constitutional Rationales for Race-Conscious Decision Making in Higher Education, 47 UCLA Law Review 1521 (2000).

30.              Robert J. Donahue, Racial Diversity as a Compelling Governmental Interest, 30 Indiana Law Review 523 (1997).

31.              Dinesh D’Souza  & Christopher Edley, Affirmative Action Debate: Should Race-based Affirmative Action be Abandoned as a National Policy? 60 Albany Law Review 425 (1996).

32.              Shawna A. Early, Can Affirmative Action Survive in Education? 22 North Carolina Central Law Journal 177 (1996).

33.              Shalond N. Essix, Hopwood v. Texas: The Future of Remedial Justification for Past and Present Disabling Effects of Discrimination: Will the 5th Circuit’s Hopwood be a Barrier to Diversification? 24 Southern University Law Review 121 (1996).

34.              Kira M. Feeny, Race-Conscious Admissions Programs in Higher Education: It’s Not a Black and White Issue, 25 Dayton Law Review 109 (1999).

35.              William E. Forbath & Gerald Torres, Merit and Diversity After Hopwood, 10 Stanford Law & Policy Review 185 (1999).

36.              Kim Forde-Mazrui, The Constitutional Implications of Race-Neutral Affirmative Action, 88 Georgetown Law Journal 2331 (2000).

37.              Shane H. Freedman, Affirmative Action: An Idea Whose Time Has Gone, 27 Seton Hall Law Review 1579 (1997).

38.              John Friedl, Making a Compelling Case for Diversity in College Admissions, 61 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 1 (1999).

39.               Leslie Yalof Garfield, Hopwood v. Texas: Strict in Theory or Fatal in Fact, 34 San Diego Law Review 497 (1997).

40.              Harvey Gee, Changing Landscapes: The Need for Asian Americans to be Included in the Affirmative Action Debate, 32 Gonzaga Law Review 621 (1996-1997).

41.              Therese M. Goldsmith, Hopwood v. Texas: The Fifth Circuit Further Limits Affirmative Action Educational Opportunities, 56 Maryland Law Review 273 (1997).

42.              Darlene C. Goring, Private Problem, Public Solution: Affirmative Action in the 21st Century, 33 Akron Law Review 209 (2000).

43.              Neil Gotanda, Failure of the Color-Blind Vision: Race, Ethnicity, and the California Civil Rights Initiative, 23 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 1135 (1996).

44.              Lino Graglia, Affirmative Action in Admission to Institutions of Higher Education, 27 UWLA Law Review 347 (1996).

45.              Lino Graglia, The "Affirmative Action" Fraud, 54 Washington University Journal Urban & Contemporary Law 31 (1998).

46.              Lino Graglia, Affirmative Action: Have Race- and Gender-Conscious Remedies Outlived Their Usefulness? Yes: Reverse Discrimination Serves No One, ABA Journal, May 1995, at 40.

47.              Lino Graglia, "Affirmative Action," Past, Present, and Future, 22 Ohio Northern University Law Review 1207 (1996).

48.              Lino Graglia, Affirmative Action: Today and Tomorrow, 22 Ohio Northern University Law Review 1353 (1996).

49.              Lino Graglia, "Hate-Speech" Codes, and "Political Correctness": Fruit of "Affirmative Action", 23 Northern Kentucky Law Review 505 (1996). (See also Michael L. Principe, A Response to Professor Graglia's Essay on Political Correctness, 23 Northern Kentucky Law Review 515 (1996)).

50.              Lino Graglia, Hopwood v. Texas: Racial Preferences in Higher Education Upheld and Endorsed, 45 Journal of Legal Education 79 (1995).

51.              Lino A. Graglia, Hopwood: A Plea to End the “Affirmative Action” Fraud, 2 Texas Forum on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights 105 (1996).

52.              Lino Graglia, Podberesky, Hopwood, and Adarand: Implications for the Future of Race-Based Programs, 16 Northern Illinois University Law Review 287 (1996).

53.              Kathleen A. Graves, Affirmative Action in Law School Admissions: An Analysis of Why Affirmative Action Is No Longer the Answer . . . Or Is It? 23 Southern Illinois University Law Journal 149 (1998).

54.              Roger Craig Green, Interest Definition in Equal Protection: A Study of Judicial Technique, 108 Yale Law Journal 439 (1998).

55.              John Gregory, Diversity Is A Value In American Higher Education, But It Is Not A Legal Justification For Affirmative Action, 52 Florida Law Review 929 (2000).

56.              Michael S. Greve, Hopwood and its Consequences, Pace Law Review 1 (1996).

57.              Thomas D. Griffith, Diversity And The Law School, 74 Southern California Law Review 169 (2000).

58.              Lani Guinier, Reframing the Affirmative Action Debate, 86 Kentucky Law Journal 505 (1997/1998).

59.              Erin M. Hardtke, Elimination of Race as a Factor in Law School Admissions: An Analysis of Hopwood v. Texas, 80 Marquette Law Review 1135 (1997).

60.              James C. Harrington, Civil Rights, 28 Texas Tech Law Review 367 (1997).

61.              John A. Henry, Jr., Hopwood v. Texas, 3 Race & Ethnic Ancestry Law Digest 97 (1997).

62.              Danielle Holley & Delia Spencer, The Texas Ten Percent Plan, 34 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 245 (1999).

63.              Michael C. Holley, More Repercussions from Hopwood: The Availability of Money Damages under Title VI, 24 Thurgood Marshall Law Review 77 (1998).

64.              Roscoe C. Howard, Jr., Getting it Wrong: Hopwood v. Texas and its Implications for Racial Diversity in Legal Education and Practice, 31 New England Law Review 831 (1997).

65.              Courtney A. Hueser-Stubbs, Hopwood v. Texas: Ramifications and Options for University Affirmative Action Programs, 65 UMKC Law Review 143 (1996).

66.              Michelle M. Inouye, The Diversity Justification for Affirmative Action in Higher Education: Is Hopwood v. Texas Right? 11 Notre Dame Journal of Law Ethics & Public Policy 385 (1997).

67.              Samuel Issacharoff, Can Affirmative Action be Defended? 59 Ohio State Law Journal 669 (1998).

68.              Alan Jenkins, Foxes Guarding the Chicken Coop: Intervention as of Right and the Defense of Civil Rights Remedies, 4 Michigan Journal of Race & Law 263 (1999).

69.              Kevin Joyner, The Use of Race in the Admissions Programs of Higher Educational Institutions – A Violation of the Equal Protection Clause? 19 Campbell Law Review 489 (1997).

70.              Mark R. Killenbeck, Pushing Things up to Their First Principles: Reflections on the Values of Affirmative Action, 87 California Law Review 1299 (1999).

71.              Amy L. Knickmeier, Blind Leading the “Colorblind:” The Evisceration of Affirmative Action and a Dream Still Deferred, 17 Northern Illinois University Law Review 305 (1997).

72.              Kent Kostka, Higher Education, Hopwood, and Homogeneity: Preserving Affirmative Action and Diversity in a Scrutinizing Society, 74 Denver University Law Review 265 (1996).

73.              Robert A. Lauer, Hopwood v. Texas: A Victory for ‘Equality’ that Denies Reality, 28 St. Mary’s Law Journal 109 (1996).

74.              John E. Lee, The Rise (and Fall?) of Race-Conscious Remedies and “Benign” Racial Discrimination in Public Education, 30 Suffolk University Law Review 153 (1996).

75.              Sanford Levinson, 1999 Owen J. Roberts Memorial Lecture: Diversity, 2 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 573 (2000).

76.              Sanford Levinson, Hopwood: Some Reflections on Constitutional Interpretation by an Inferior Court, 2 Texas Forum on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights 113 (1996).

77.              Keith Liddle, Affirmative Action for Certain Non-Black Minorities and Recent Immigrants – “Mend it or End it?” 11 Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 835 (1997).

78.              Goodwin Liu, Affirmative Action in Higher Education: The Diversity Rationale and the Compelling Interest test, 33 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 381 (1998).

79.              Harlan A. Loeb, Equal Opportunity in Higher Education: An Affirmative Response, 7 Pace Law Review 27 (1996).

80.              Marty B. Lorenzo, Race-Conscious Diversity Admissions Programs: An Empirical Analysis of the Consequences of Abandoning Race as a Factor in Law School Admissions Decisions, 2 Michigan Journal of Race & Law 361 (1997).

81.              Emanuel Margolis, Affirmative Action: Déjà vu All Over Again? 27 Southwestern University Law Review 1 (1997).

82.              Bill Mateja, Scattershooting on Diversity, 60 Texas Business Journal 1051 (1997).

83.              Susan M. Maxwell, Racial Classifications Under Strict Scrutiny: Policy Considerations and the Remedial-Plus Approach, 77 Texas Law Review 259 (1998).

84.              T. Vance McMahan & Don R. Willett, Hope from Hopwood: Charting a Positive Civil Rights Course for Texas and the Nation, 10 Stanford Law & Policy Review 163 (1999).

85.              Alexandra D. Mease-White, Hopwood v. Texas: Challenging the Use of Race as a Proxy for Diversity in America’s Public Universities, 29 Connecticut Law Review 1293 (1997).

86.              Jeremy Moeser, Hopwood v. Texas: The Beginning of the End for Racial Preference Programs in Higher Education, 48 Mercer Law Review 941 (1997).

87.              Rachel F. Moran, Diversity And Its Discontents: The End Of Affirmative Action At Boalt Hall, 88 California Law Review 2241 (2000).

88.              Tanya Y. Murphy, An Argument for Diversity Based Action in Higher Education, 95 Annual Survey of American Law 515 (1995).

89.              Mark A. Neuser, FCC’s C Block Auction in the Wake of Adarand: Harbinger or Hoax? 1996 Wisconsin Law Review 821 (1996).

90.              Michael A. Olivas, Constitutional Criteria: The Social Science and Common Law of Admissions Decisions in Higher Education, 68 University of Colorado Law Review 1065 (1997).

91.              Michael A. Olivas, Higher Education Admissions and the Search for One Important Thing, 21 University of Arkansas Little Rock Law Review 993 (1999).

92.              Scott L. Olson, The Case Against Affirmative Action in the Admissions Process, 58 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 991 (1997).

93.              David Orentlicher, Affirmative Action and Texas’ Ten Percent Solution: Improving Diversity and Quality, 74 Notre Dame Law Review 181 (1998).

94.              Laura M. Padilla, Intersectionality and Positionaliy: Situating Women of Color in the Affirmative Action Dialogue, 66 Fordham Law Review 843 (1997).

95.              Emily V. Pastorious, The Erosion of Affirmative Action: The Fifth Circuit Contradicts the Supreme Court on the Issue of Diversity, 27 Golden Gate University Law Review 459 (1997).

96.              Marco Portales, Hopwood, Race, Bakke and the Constitution, Texas Hispanic Journal of Law & Policy. 29 (1998).

97.              Andy Portinga, Racial Diversity as a Compelling Governmental Interest, 75 University of  Detroit Mercy Law Review 73 (1997).

98.              Cedric Merlin Poweel, Hopwood: Bakke II and Skeptical Scrutiny, 9 Seton Hall Constitutional Law Journal 811 (1999).

99.              John A. Powell & Marguerite L. Spencer, Remaking the Urban University for the Urban Student: Talking About Race, 30 Connecticut Law Review 1247 (1998).

100.          Carla D. Pratt, In the Wake of Hopwood: An Update on Affirmative Action in the Education Arena, 42 Howard Law Journal 451 (1999).

101.          Michael E. Rosman, The Error Of Hopwood's Error, 29 J.L. & Educ. 355 (2000).

102.          Sharon Elizabeth Rush, Sharing Space: Why Racial Goodwill Isn't Enough, 32 Connecticut Law Review 1 (2000).

103.          Thomas D. Russell, Law School Affirmative Action: An Empirical Study the Shape of the Michigan River as Viewed from the Land of Sweatt v. Painter and Hopwood, 25 Law & Social Inquiry 507 (2000).

104.          Laura C. Scanlan, Hopwood v. Texas: A Backward Look at Affirmative Action in Education, 71 New York University Law Review 1580 (1996).

105.          Richard H. Seamon, Damages for Unconstitional Affirmative Action: An Analysis of the Monetary Claims in Hopwood v. Texas, 71 Temple Law Review. 839 (1998).

106.          Richard H. Seaton, Affirmative Action at the Crossroads, 36 Washburn Law Journal 248 (1997).

107.          Robert A. Sedler, The Constitution and Racial Preference in Law School Admissions, 75 Michigan Business Journal 1160 (1996).

108.          Michael Selmi, The Life of Bakke: An Affirmative Action Retrospective, 87 Georgetown Law Journal 981 (1999).

109.          John Sirman, Symposium on Excellence in the Profession with a Focus on Diversity, 60 Texas Business Journal 1044 (1997).

110.          Richard C. Stanley & Thomas M. Flanagan, Constitutional Law, 42 Loyola Law Review 491 (1996).

111.          Stephanie E. Straub, The Wisdom and Constitutionality of Race-Based Decision-Making In Higher Education Admission Programs: A Critical Look at Hopwood v. Texas, 48 Case Western Reserve Review 133 (1997).

112.          Susan Sturm & Lani Guinier, The Future of Affirmative Action: Reclaiming the Innovative Deal, 84 California Law Review 953 (1996).

113.          Barbara Phillips Sullivan, The Gift of Hopwood: Diversity and the Fife and Drum March Back to the Nineteenth Century, 34 Georgia Law Review 291 (1999).

114.              Teresa Sullivan, Beyond Affirmative Action: Algorithmic Versus Holistic Approaches to College Admissions, 17 Research in Social Stratification & Mobility 319 (1999).

115.          Carol M. Swain, Robert R. Rodgers & Bernard W. Silverman, Life After Bakke: Where Whites and Blacks Agree: Public Support for Fairness in Educational Opportunities, 16 Harvard BlackLetter Journal 147 (2000).

116.          Keith E. Sealing, The Myth of a Color-Blind Constitution, 54 Washington University Journal of Urban & Contemporary Law 157 (1998).

117.          Michael A.B. Turner, Should Race be a Factor in Law School Admissions?  A Study of Hopwood v. Texas and How the Equal Protection Clause Makes Race-based Classifications Unconstitutional, 27 University of  Baltimore Law Review 395 (1998).

118.          Jason Walbourn, Strict in Theory, but Not Fatal in Fact: Hunter v. Regents of the University of California and the Case for Educational Research as a New Compelling State Interest, 83 Minnesota Law Review 183 (1998).

119.          Leland Ware, Affirmative Action in Higher Education: Turning Back the Clock: The Assault on Affirmative Action, 54 Washington University Journal of Urban & Contemporary Law 3 (1998).

120.          Leland Ware, Tales from the Crypt: Does Strict Scrutiny Sound the Death Knell for Affirmative Action in Higher Education? 23 Journal of College & University Law 43 (1996).

121.          L. Darnell Weeden, Yo, Hopwood, Sayinging No to Race-Based Affirmative Action is the Right Thing to Do from an Afrocentric Perspective, 27 Cumberland Law Review 533 (1996-1997).

122.          Susan Welch & John Gruhl, Bakke in the Admissions Office and the Courts: Does Bakke Matter?  Affirmative Action and Minority Enrollments in Medical and Law Schools, 59 Ohio State Law Journal 697 (1998).

123.          Jeffrey B. Wolff, Affirmative Action in College and Graduate School Admissions – The Effects of Hopwood and the Actions of the U.C. Board of Regents on its Continued Existence, 50 SMU Law Review 627 (1997).

124.          Victor V. Wright, Hopwood v. Texas: The Fifth Circuit Engages in Suspect Compelling Interest Analysis in Striking Down an Affirmative Action Admissions Program, 34 Houston Law Review 871 (1997).

125.          Tung Yin, A Carbolic Smoke Ball for the Nineties: Class-based Affirmative Action, 31 Loyola Louisiana Law Review 213 (1997).

126.          Joanna R. Zahler, Lessons in Humanity: Diversity as a Compelling State Interest in Public Education, 40 Boston College Law Review 995 (1999).

127.          Perry A. Zirkel, Introduction: Bakke - Hopwood: Errors or Exaggerations? 29 Journal of Law & Education 53 (2000).

Newspapers

1.      Tony Allen-Mills, Rejected Texan Threatens US Race Laws, Sunday Times, March 31, 1996.

2.      Peter Applebome, Affirmative Action Ban Changes a Law School, New York Times, July 2, 1997, at A14.

3.      Peter Applebome, In Shift, U.S. Tells Texas It Can’t Ignore Court Ruling Barring Bias in College Admissions, New York Times, April 15, 1997, at A20.

4.      Peter Applebome, Seeking New Approaches for Diversity, New York Times, April 23, 1997, at B7.

5.      Peter Applebome, Texas is Told to Keep Affirmative Action in Universities or Risk Losing Federal Aid, New York Times, March 26, 1997, at B11.

6.      Peter Applebome, Universities Report Less Minority Interest After Action to Ban Preferences, New York Times, March 19, 1997, at B12.

7.      Richard Bernstein, Law School Calls Bias Ruling a Victory, New York Times, August 21, 1994, at 26.

8.      Richard Bernstein, Racial Discrimination or Righting Past Wrongs? New York Times, July 13, 1994, at B8.

9.      Stephen Chapman, Affirmative Action Unhinges a Nation, Chicago Tribune, March 31, 1996, at 19, C.

10.  Court Lifts Affirmative Action Injunction, Washington Post, December 22, 2000, at A20.

11.  Lani Guinier and Gerald Torres, Credit Bush Doesn't Deserve, New York Times, August 8, 2000, at Section A, at 27.

12.  Lani Guinier, The Real Bias in Higher Education, New York Times, June 24, 1997, at A19.

13.  A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., Breaking Thurgood Marshall’s Promise, New York Times, January 18, 1998, at Section 6, at 28.

14.  Sue Anne Pressley, Texas Students, Faculty Protest Racial Remarks; Rally is Urged to Make Law Professor a “Pariah,” Washington Post, September 17, 1997, at A03.

15.  William Raspberry, A Shot in the Foot for Texas, Washington Post, November 3, 1997, at A21.

16.  David Segal, Putting Affirmative Action on Trial; D.C. Public Interest Law Firm Scores Victories in War on Preferences, Washington Post, February 20, 1998, at A01.

17.  M. Michael Sharlot, Affirmative Action Was a Success: Public Law Schools Must Be More Creative to Keep Attracting Minority Students, Los Angeles Times, Aug. 29, 1997, at B9 (with Herma Hill Kay).

18.     Jacques Steinberg, Defending Affirmative Action With Social Science, New York Times, December 17, 2000, at Section 1, at 41.

19.  James Traub, The Class of Prop. 209, New York Times, May 2, 1999, at Section 6, at 44.

20.  Sam Howe Verhovek, For 4 Whites Who Sued University, Race is the Common Thread, New York Times, March 23, 1996, at 6.

Books

1.      William G. Bowen et al., The Shape of the River : long-term consequences of considering race in college and university admissions (1998).

2.      Lincoln Caplan, Up Against the Law: Affirmative Action and the Supreme Court (1997).

3.      Christopher f. Edley, Jr., Not All Black and White: Affirmative Action, Race, and American Values (1996).

4.        Lino Graglia, Affirmative Action Promotes Discrimination, in Affirmative Action 47 (Bryan J. Grapes ed., 2000).

5.        Albert G. Mosley & Nicholas Capaldi, Affirmative Action: Social Justice or Unfair Preference?  (1996).

6.      Promise and Dilemma: Perspectives on Racial Diversity and Higher Education  (Eugene Y. Lowe, Jr. ed., 1999).

7.      Race and Representation: Affirmative action (Robert Post & Michael Rogin eds., 1998).

8.      Responding to the New Affirmative Action Climate (Donald D. Gehring, Ed